Pigmentation refers to the color of our skin, determined by the number of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) present. Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for our skin color. When melanin production becomes overactive or abnormal, it can lead to areas of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation.

Hyperpigmentation occurs due to excess melanin production and deposition, resulting in patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding areas. Hypopigmentation, on the other hand, is characterized by a loss of skin pigmentation, leading to lighter areas compared to the rest of the skin.

Understanding these conditions is essential for effective treatment and management, helping you achieve a more even and balanced skin tone.